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XLVIII. LDAP functionsIntroductionLDAP is the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, and is a protocol used to access "Directory Servers". The Directory is a special kind of database that holds information in a tree structure. The concept is similar to your hard disk directory structure, except that in this context, the root directory is "The world" and the first level subdirectories are "countries". Lower levels of the directory structure contain entries for companies, organisations or places, while yet lower still we find directory entries for people, and perhaps equipment or documents. To refer to a file in a subdirectory on your hard disk, you might use something like:
The forwards slash marks each division in the reference, and the sequence is read from left to right. The equivalent to the fully qualified file reference in LDAP is the "distinguished name", referred to simply as "dn". An example dn might be:
The comma marks each division in the reference, and the sequence is read from right to left. You would read this dn as:
In the same way as there are no hard rules about how you organise the directory structure of a hard disk, a directory server manager can set up any structure that is meaningful for the purpose. However, there are some conventions that are used. The message is that you can not write code to access a directory server unless you know something about its structure, any more than you can use a database without some knowledge of what is available. Lots of information about LDAP can be found at
The Netscape SDK contains a helpful Programmer's Guide in HTML format. RequirementsYou will need to get and compile LDAP client libraries from either the University of Michigan ldap-3.3 package, Netscape Directory SDK 3.0 or OpenLDAP to compile PHP with LDAP support. InstallationLDAP support in PHP is not enabled by default. You will need to use the --with-ldap[=DIR] configuration option when compiling PHP to enable LDAP support. DIR is the LDAP base install directory.
Runtime ConfigurationThe behaviour of these functions is affected by settings in php.ini. For further details and definition of the PHP_INI_* constants see ini_set(). Predefined ConstantsThe constants below are defined by this extension, and will only be available when the extension has either been compiled into PHP or dynamically loaded at runtime.
ExamplesRetrieve information for all entries where the surname starts with "S" from a directory server, displaying an extract with name and email address. Using the PHP LDAP callsBefore you can use the LDAP calls you will need to know ..
The typical sequence of LDAP calls you will make in an application will follow this pattern:
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